Oneida is a city in Knox County, Illinois, United States. The population was 700 at the 2010 census, down from 750 in 2000. It is part of the Galeā¦Oneida is a city in Knox County, Illinois, United States. The population was 700 at the 2010 census, down from 750 in 2000. It is part of the Galesburg Micropolitan Statistical Area. According to the 2010 census, Oneida has a total area of 0.76 square miles, all land.