The phases 1,2 can represent (liquid, solid), (solid, vapor) or (liquid, vapor) with the corresponding heats of transformation being the heat of melting, the heat of sublimation, and the heat of ...

Ions. Born -Haber Cycle. Entropy Spontaneity. Entropy. 2nd Law of Thermodynamics. 3rd Law of Thermodynamics. Clausius inequality. Fundamental equations. Entropy change in spontaneous processes.

The variables of state, Charles' law, Boyle's law, equation of state for an ideal gas, mixtures of gases. Thermodynamics of dry air, water vapor and moist air. Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Adiabatic ...

The Clausius-Clapeyron equation predicts that atmospheric moisture ... These findings provide a new framework for understanding the thermodynamics of extreme rainfall and offer a pathway to ...