The paper starts by providing a specific proof for the case of an isosceles triangle (two sides the same length). It then ...
Oh a triangulator machine! Very cool! Right, there are four different types of triangle. First, here's an isosceles triangle, it has two equal length sides and two equal angles. Oh! Very clever!
Angle OGH (\(y\)) = angle OHG because triangle GOH is also isosceles. Lengths OH and OG are also both radii. Angle GOH = \(180^\circ - 2y\) (because angles in a triangle add up to 180°).