IN 1888 Graham Steell described his now famous left-sternal-border diastolic murmur and attributed its origin to pulmonary regurgitation caused by high pressure in the pulmonary artery in patients ...

Ten patients with mitral stenosis and an accompanying early diastolic murmur along the left sternal border were selected for this study. In each the typical physical findings of mitral stenosis ...

Table 3 provides typical characteristics of common murmurs. The tricuspid stenosis murmur is diastolic and a soft rumble, heard best at the left lower sternal border. It will increase in intensity ...

In addition to the above two murmurs, a systolic ejection murmur may be present in people with severe aortic regurgitation at the right upper sternal border, simply due to the large stroke volume ...

Still’s murmur (a.k.a. “innocent ... Heard best at the left lower sternal border, Still’s murmur is crescendo-decrescendo and low pitched thus heard best with the bell of the stethoscope.

Ventricular septal defect is a hole in the wall between the right and left ... produce an audible murmur. ... with a stethoscope along the lower left sternal or breast bone border.

Aortic insufficiency is an early decrescendo murmur that is loudest at base or left lower sternal border. Pulses may be bounding (Corrigan water hammer pulse), and the pulse pressure will be over ...