In the lumbar spine, the bony arch is quite bulky ... Each disc is reinforced anteriorly by the anterior longitudinal ligament and posteriorly by the posterior longitudinal ligament (Figs 2 ...

is a linked column of bones running from the head down to the lower back. Bone segments form the column. One bone segment is a vertebra, and multiple bone segments are vertebrae. Ligaments and muscles ...

Lower back pain when walking can occur for a variety of reasons. It can result from injuries, fatigue, or an underlying condition. Specific injuries, like muscle strains, can affect the ligaments ...

Due to this constant effort, the bones, muscles, ligaments, discs, and nerves of the lumbar spine are prone to injuries and wear, which can trigger pain in the lower back region. Common Symptoms ...

Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy (LFH) is a condition characterized by the thickening of the ligamentum flavum, a ligament in the spine that can contribute to lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).