Sortino, is a relative of the Sharpe ratio that accounts more for downside risk. In its calculation, the Sortino ratio still uses a risk-free rate, but subtracts that from the portfolio's average ...

The Sharpe ratio, named after Nobel-winning economist William F. Sharpe, also assesses performance relative to risk. It uses standard deviation, which measures how much an asset’s rate of return ...

For case-control (retrospective) studies, the odds ratio is appropriate. For cohort (prospective) or cross-sectional studies, the relative risk is appropriate. See the section "Odds Ratio and Relative ...

Risk-adjusted returns offer a more comprehensive view by considering the consistency of returns relative to the risk taken.