Selective peripheral denervation or orbicularis oculi myectomy can be considered in the occasional patients who do not respond to BoNT injection. 26 Table 3 Treatments for cranial movement disorders.

Conclusions The FNMEP amplitude from the orbicularis oculi muscle decreased after MVD in HFS patients whose symptoms were resolved postoperatively, thus suggesting normalisation of facial nerve ...

Method Case series of three patients who underwent ptosis surgery and had simultaneous biopsy of the orbicularis oculi muscle because of a suspicion of a mitochondrial disorder. Orbicularis muscle ...

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