Free-space broadband functional near infrared (fNIR) spectroscopy technique has been used to clinically measure the optical properties of ganglion cysts. The fNIR system measures the insertion loss ...

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the only afferent neurons responsible for transmitting visual information to the visual center and are vulnerable in the early stage of DR. Protection of RGC is vital ...

Although retinal neurons are not the primary site of pathology, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and bipolar cells have been shown to undergo measurable synaptic, functional, and structural alterations.

Introduction Though only a few classes of light-sensitive cells capture the retinal image in the primate eye, evolution has produced many more classes of retinal ganglion cell (RGC), on the order of ...