A fate map of the 60-cell sea urchin embryo is shown in Figure 8.12 (Logan and McClay 1999; Wray 1999). The animal half of the embryo consistently gives rise to the ectoderm—the larval …

The sea urchin embryo initially undergoes ten cycles of cell division forming a single epithelial layer enveloping a blastocoel, followed by gastrulation producing the three germ layers.

In sea urchin embryos, by the time gastrulation (see Glossary, Box 1) is reached, each cell of the embryo is differentially specified to one of at least 14 early cell fates. Gastrulation then …

More recently, the sea urchin embryo has been used as a convenient system for studying morphogenetic movements and cell interactions during gastrulation, the changes in gene …

An extraordinarily simple and elegant process of gastrulation is observed in the sea urchin embryo. The cells participating in sea urchin gastrulation are specified early during cleavage. …

According to the experimental results, the sea urchin embryos grew the fastest under the blue LED light; the adult sea urchin were the most sensitive to and most negatively phototactic …

In contrast to all adult bilaterian forms and all directly developing bilaterian embryos, the sea urchin embryo consists exclusively of single cell thick epithelial layers, and individual …

Gastrulation in the sea urchin begins with ingression of the primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) at the vegetal pole of the embryo. After entering the blastocoel the PMCs migrate, form a …

Sea urchin embryos readily take up many small molecules, including chemical inhibitors and biosynthetic precursors from the surrounding seawater. In the case of chemical inhibitors, this …

Sea urchin embryo development has been a convenient and robust model for toxicological studies for over 100 years. The methods presented here expand the toolbox available for use with sea …